The treatment, also called scaling and root planing, removes plaque and hard build up (Calculus) and bacteria below the gums to prevent bone loss that can loosen teeth and complicate medical conditions, such as diabetes and heart disease. The American Academy of Periodontology recommends that dentists offer deep cleanings when X-rays show bone loss and a full-mouth exam reveals gum pockets greater than 4 millimeters deep. Usually the patient is numb and it is done in 2 sessions, each time one side of the mouth. Follow up is very critical to treat periodontal disease.